1837 Newspaper - Pickwick Papers - Siege of Constantine, Algeria

Description: A rare and original issue of The Times newspaper for Saturday, October 28, 1837This venerable publication was founded in 1785 and still publishes in London today.This issue of 4 pages, 8 sides features a fascinating variety of advertisements including positions wanted and available, apartments and houses to rent, medical cures and horses and "chariots" for sale - the equivalent for our "Auto" section today! A front page advertisement announces the final two episodes of The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens which started a revolution in serialized fiction - see scan. The new Queen (Victoria had acceded to the throne just 3 months earlier) was the first monarch to occupy Buckingham Palace but before moving in she first occupied the Royal Pavilion in Brighton, with news of her daily activity reported here . Several advertisements offer viewing rooms for her planned visit to London in November 1837Political news includes several reports on the civil war in Spain . The French have successfully captured Constantine in Algeria and the paper includes detailed reports - see scan and belowFascinating reading for the historian - police reports and court reports. Good condition - some separation at the fold. Page size 17.5 x 23.5 inches . Original red tax stamp Royal Pavilion15″WRoyal PavilionView of the Royal PavilionLocation in Brighton, EnglandGeneral informationTypePalaceArchitectural styleIndo-Saracenic RevivalTown or cityBrightonCountryUnited KingdomCoordinates50°49′23″N0°08′15″WConstruction started1787Completed1823OwnerRoyal Pavilion & Museums TrustDesign and constructionArchitectJohn NashWebsiteRoyal PavilionThe Royal Pavilion, and surrounding gardens, also known as the Brighton Pavilion, is a Grade I listed[1] former royal residence located in Brighton, England. Beginning in 1787, it was built in three stages as a seaside retreat for George, Prince of Wales, who became the Prince Regent in 1811, and King George IV in 1820. It is built in the Indo-Saracenic style prevalent in India for most of the 19th century. The current appearance of the Pavilion, with its domes and minarets, is the work of architect John Nash, who extended the building starting in 1815.[2] George IV's successors William IV, and Victoria, also used the Pavilion, but Queen Victoria decided that Osborne House should be the royal seaside retreat, and the Pavilion was sold to the city of Brighton in 1850.On 1 October 2020, management and operation of the Royal Pavilion & Museums' buildings and collections were transferred from Brighton & Hove City Council to a new charity: the Royal Pavilion & Museums Trust (RPMT).[3][4]Contents1History2Purchase by Brighton3First World War4Tourism5Marriage venue6Royal Pavilion Garden7Image gallery8References and notes9Further reading10External linksHistory[edit]The Prince of Wales, who later became George IV, first visited Brighton in 1783, at the age of 21. The seaside town had become fashionable as a result of the residence of George's uncle, Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland, whose tastes for fine cuisine, gambling, the theatre, and general fast living the young prince shared, and with whom he lodged in Brighton at Grove House. In addition, the Prince of Wales was advised by his physician that the seawater and fresh air would be beneficial for his gout. In 1786, under a financial cloud with investigation by Parliament for the extravagances incurred in building Carlton House, London, the Prince rented a modest, erstwhile farmhouse facing the Old Steine, a grassy area of Brighton used as a promenade by visitors. Remote from the Royal Court in London, the Pavilion was a discreet location for the Prince to enjoy private liaisons with his long-time companion, Maria Fitzherbert. The Prince had wished to marry her, and did so in secrecy as her Roman Catholicreligion prohibited his marrying her under the Royal Marriages Act 1772.The richly decorated Banqueting Room at the Royal Pavilion, from John Nash's Views of the Royal Pavilion(1826)The ceiling of the Music Room at the Royal PavilionGrand Saloon at the Royal Pavilion in Brighton from John Nash's Views of the Royal Pavilion (1826)In 1787, the Prince commissioned the designer of Carlton House, Henry Holland, to enlarge the existing building. It became one wing of the Marine Pavilion, flanking a central rotunda, which contained three main rooms: a breakfast room, dining room, and library, fitted out in Holland's French-influenced neoclassical style, with decorative paintings by Biagio Rebecca. In 1801–02, the Pavilion was enlarged with a new dining room and conservatory, to designs of Peter Frederick Robinson, who worked in Holland's office. The Prince also purchased land surrounding the property, on which a grand riding school and stables were built in an Indian style in 1803–08, to designs by William Porden, along with a famous onion garden to feed the Prince's well-known addiction. These provided stabling for 60 horses and dwarfed the Marine Pavilion.[5]Between 1815 and 1822, the designer John Nash redesigned and greatly extended the Pavilion, and it is his work that is still visible today.[6] The palace is striking in the middle of Brighton, for its Indo-Islamic exterior is unique. The fanciful interior design, primarily by Frederick Crace and the little-known decorative painter Robert Jones, was heavily influenced by both Chinese and Indian fashion (with Mughal and Islamicarchitectural elements). It is a prime example of the exoticism that was an alternative to more classicising mainstream taste in the Regency style.Purchase by Brighton[edit]The Royal Pavilion at duskAfter the death of George IV in 1830, his successor King William IV also stayed in the Pavilion on his frequent visits to Brighton. Queen Victoria, however, disliked Brighton and the lack of privacy at the Pavilion. Brighton became accessible to Londoners by rail in 1841, increasing its popularity with the masses. In addition, the Pavilion was cramped for her growing family. Famously, Queen Victoria disliked the constant attention she attracted in Brighton, saying "the people here are very indiscreet and troublesome".[7]She purchased an estate and land that was redeveloped for Osborne House in the Isle of Wight, which became the summer home of the royal family. After her last visit to Brighton in 1845, the Government planned to sell the building and grounds. The Brighton Commissioners and the Brighton Vestry successfully petitioned the Government to sell the Pavilion to the town for £53,000 in 1850 under the Brighton Improvement (Purchase of the Royal Pavilion and Grounds) Act 1850.[8] The sale helped fund furnishing of Osborne House.In 1860, the adjacent royal stables were converted to a concert hall, now known as the Brighton Dome. The town used the building as assembly rooms. Many of the Pavilion's original fixtures and fittings were removed on the order of the royal household at the time of the sale, most ending up either in Buckingham Palace or Windsor Castle. In the late 1860s, Queen Victoria returned to Brighton large quantities of unused fittings. George V and Queen Mary returned more furnishings after the First World War.Since the end of the Second World War, the municipality of Brighton has worked to restore the Pavilion to its state at the time of King George IV. The city was encouraged in the 1950s by the permanent loan of over 100 items of furniture from Queen Elizabeth II. It has undertaken an extensive programme of restoring the rooms, reinstating stud walls, and creating replicas of some original fittings and occasionally pieces of furniture.Queen Victoria - AccessionVictoria receives the news of her accession from Lord Conyngham (left) and the Archbishop of Canterbury. Painting by Henry Tanworth Wells, 1887.Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. Less than a month later, on 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom.[b] In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen."[32] Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.[33]Since 1714, Britain had shared a monarch with Hanover in Germany, but under Salic law, women were excluded from the Hanoverian succession. While Victoria inherited the British throne, her father's unpopular younger brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, became King of Hanover. He was Victoria's heir presumptive until she had a child.[34] At the time of Victoria's accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne. He at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced monarch, who relied on him for advice.[35]Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure.[36] Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations.[37] She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace[38] and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.[39] Siege of ConstantineFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigationJump to searchSiege of ConstantinePart of French conquest of Algeria Capture of Constantine, Algeria by Horace VernetDate10–13 October 1837LocationConstantine, French AlgeriaResultFrench victoryBelligerents France Beylik of ConstantineCommanders and leadersGeneral Damrémont † General Valée General PerrégauxAhmed Bey Ali ben AissaStrength20,000 men 60 guns[1]7,500 defenders[2]Casualties and losses146 dead 520 wounded[3]UnknownThe 1837 Siege of Constantine was decided by Louis Philippe I and the head of his government, Count Molé in the summer of 1837. At the time, during the consolidation of the July Monarchy and recovery economic prosperity, the king was considering dissolving of the Chamber of Deputies.As with Charles X's 1830 expedition to Algiers, the king of France was seeking more votes in the upcoming elections by offering the country military glory and revenge for Clausel's failed expedition against Constantine in 1836.The preparation of the expedition at the end of August was marred by a bitter rivalry between the king's eldest sons, Prince Ferdinand Philippe and Prince Louis, who both vied for the honor to participate. The eldest considered that it was his right, while the second, who participated in the unsuccessful expedition of the previous year, was keen to avenge this humiliation. Ultimately it was the younger prince who participated.[4]The army met in the camp Merdjez-Hammar, established on the banks of the Seybouse in Guelma Province, halfway between Bôna and Constantine. Placed under the command of the Governor-General, General Damrémont, the army was formed in four brigades. The 1st Brigade in the vanguard was commanded by the Duke of Nemours, the second, third and fourth brigades were under the command of Generals Trezel and Rulhieres. General Valée commanded the artillery and General Rohault de Fleury the engineers.The French Army went from Bône on October 1. The siege started on October 10. On October 12, the victorious assault was begun by General Damrémont, who that evening was struck by a bullet, and completed by his successor, the General Valée. The latter was raised to the rank of Marshal of France on November 11 and appointed Governor-General of the French Possessions in Africa on December 1.showvteFrench conquest of Algeriashow

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